Flow control manual

Foreword

1. Introduction to pipeline flow

• 1.1 General
  • 1.1.1 Turbulent and laminar flow in pipes
  • 1.1.2 Velocity distributions
  • 1.1.3 Flow separation
  • 1.1.4 Pulsation in flow
• 1.2 Throttling process for incompressible flow
• 1.3 Defining pressure
• 1.4 Pressure loss behavior of piping components
• 1.5 Valve dynamic torque
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2. Control valve installed performance

• 2.1 General
• 2.2 Operating conditions
• 2.3 Selecting a control valve
• 2.4 Control valve flow characteristics
  • 2.4.1 Inherent flow characteristics
    • - A. Quickopening inherent flow characteristics
    • - B. Linear inherent flow characteristics
    • - C. Equal percentage inherent flow characteristics
  • 2.4.2 Installed flow characteristics
  • 2.4.3 Installed gain
  • 2.4.4 Calculation methods
    • - Procedure
    • - Process model and DPm selection
    • - A. Liquid flow
    • - B. Gas flow
  • 2.4.5 Control valve accuracy
  • 2.4.6 Control valve characterization

3. Liquid flow

• 3.1 General
• 3.2 Sizing equations for liquid flow
  • - Factors FF, FR, FP, and FLP
• 3.3 Cavitation and flashing
  • 3.3.1 Cavitation phenomenon
  • 3.3.2 Investigating the existence of cavitation
  • 3.3.3 Flashing of liquids
  • 3.4 Cavitation and hydrodynamic noise abatement
    • - Velocity control
    • - Acoustic noise and bubble size control
    • - Location control
    • - Flat baffle plates
    • - Orifice plates
    • - Sizing baffle and orifice plates
    • - Example of noise and cavitation abatement
  • 3.5. Hydrodynamic noise prediction for valves
  • 3.6 Hydrodynamic noise prediction for baffle and orifice plates
  • 3.7 Recommended flow velocities for liquids 
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4. Gas and steam flow

• 4.1 General
• 4.2 Sizing equations for gas and steam flow
• 4.3 Aerodynamic noise
  • 4.3.1 Aerodynamic noise generation
  • 4.3.2 Aerodynamic noise prediction
    • - Calculation method to predict aerodynamic noise levels
• 4.4 Atmospheric venting
• 4.5 Aerodynamic noise abatement
  • 4.5.1 Source treatment
    • - Velocity control
    • - Acoustic control
    • - Location control
    • - Diffusers
    • - Attenuator plates
    • - Source treatment examples
  • 4.5.2 Path treatment
    • - Silencers
    • - Insulation
    • - Heavy downstream pipe schedule
• 4.6. Recommended flow velocities and limits for noise levels
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5. Multi-phase flow

• • 5.1 General
  • 5.2 Two-phase flow of liquid and gas
    • - Sizing equations
    • - Choked flow
    • - Accuracy
  • 5.3 Pulpstock
    • 5.3.1 Studies about pulpstock
    • 5.3.2 Pulpstock behavior in control valves
      • - The effect of differential pressure on pulp flow
      • - The effect of consistency on pulp flow
      • - The effect of valve diameter and style on pulp flow
      • - The effect of other factors on pulp flow
    • 5.3.3 Control valve sizing for pulpstock applications
  • 5.4 Slurries
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6. Mathematical simulation of control valve behavior

• • 6.1 General
  • 6.2 Use of simulation
  • 6.3 Mathematical model of control valve
  • 6.4 Control valve simulation program
  • 6.5 Friction model
  • 6.6 Testing and implementing the simulation program
    • - Testing position control
    • - Studies of an installed control valve
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Appendices

• • A Sizing examples
    
    • - Liquid flow sizing example
    • - Water flow sizing example
    • - Gas flow sizing example
    • - Steam flow sizing example
    • - Two phase flow of liquid and gassizing example
    • - Pulp flow sizing example
  • B Conversion tables
    • - Length units
    • - Area units
    • - Volume units
    • - Mass units
    • - Density units
    • - Speed units
    • - Pressure units
    • - Flow units
    • - Temperature units
    • - Torque units
    • - Viscosity units
  • C Steam
    • - Saturated pressure of steam
    • - Density of saturated steam
  • D Superheated steam
  • E Physical constans
    • - Gases
    • - Liquids
  • F Vapor pressure curves
  • G Compressibility factor z
  • H Pipe tables
  • I Pressure drop in steel pipes
  • J Correction coefficient k for pulp flow
  • K Noise prediction aspects
  • L Control valve performance terminology
  • M Manifold design guidelines for valves
  • List of symbols
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